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The present perfect tense always has two parts: have or
has and the past participle ("third form") of the verb:
| I |
|
have |
|
been / done / gone / seen, etc. |
| you |
|
have |
|
been / done / gone / seen, etc. |
| he, she, it |
|
has |
|
been / done / gone / seen, etc. |
| we |
|
have |
|
been / done / gone / seen, etc. |
| they |
|
have |
|
been / done / gone / seen, etc. |
In speaking, have and has are usually contracted:
| I have |
|
I've |
| you have |
|
you've |
| he / she / it has |
|
he's / she's / it's |
| we have |
|
we've |
| they have |
|
they've |
The negative forms have not and has not are often
contracted, also: have not = haven't and has not =
hasn't. However, the contraction can also be with
have instead of with not:
| I have not |
|
I've not / I haven't |
| you have not |
|
you've not / you haven't |
| he has not |
|
he's not / he hasn't |
| she has not |
|
she's not / she hasn't |
| it has not |
|
it's not / it hasn't |
| we have |
|
we've not / we haven't |
| they have |
|
they've not / they haven't |
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Special Notes:
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1.
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Note that the contracted forms he's / she's / it's
have two "translations":
| he's |
=
|
he has or he is |
| she's |
=
|
she has or she is |
| it's |
=
|
it has or it is |
In American English, the 's generally means has
if a past participle follows, but the 's means is if
a noun phrase, prepositional phrase, adjective, or
an -ing verb follows:
She's a lawyer. ( = is )
She's studied law. ( = has )
He's from Cyprus. ( = is )
He's immigrated from Cyprus. ( = has )
That's strange. ( = is )
That's happened many times. ( = has )
It's raining. ( = is )
It's been raining. ( = has )
He's sleeping. ( = is )
He's slept for several hours. ( = has )
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2.
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If a participial adjective comes after 's, 's may
seem to mean has, but it actually means is:
It's broken. ( = is )
She's frustrated. ( = is )
He's bored. ( = is )
That seat's reserved. ( = is )
That seat's taken.. ( = is )
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